The last movement comprises multiple contrasting sections: a slow introductory recitative, an arioso dolente, a fugue, a return of the arioso, and a second fugue that builds to a passionate and heroic conclusion.
The Allegro second movement begins with a terse but humorous scherzo, which Martin Cooper believes is based on two folk songs, followed by a trio section. The Moderato first movement follows a typical sonata form with an expressive and cantabile opening theme. Though the sonata was commissioned in 1820, Beethoven did not begin work on Op. 110 until the latter half of 1821 due to factors such as his work on the Missa solemnis and his deteriorating health. The Piano Sonata No. 31 in A-flat major, Op. 110, by Ludwig van Beethoven (pictured) was published in 1822 the autograph score bears the date 25 December 1821. Unfortunately it may not be in many local libraries but you may find it in some big-city main library.Portrait of Beethoven by Joseph Karl Stieler If you want to know the complete history of your Mauser check out Webster's book.
The only thing I didn't find was correlation between date of manufacture and serial number, which I have just found on "Culver's Shooting Page", on a thread called, as you would expect, "1891 Mauser Serial Numbers". He even details modifications to each model and when and why they were made. It's not cheap, ($63.00 +) but there can't be a more thoroughly researched and profusely illustrated reference anywhere on the planet. Then I recently googled "Argentine Mauser Rifles" to learn more about it and found an amazingly detailed 296-page book online, available from Amazon, "Argentine Mauser Rifles 1871-1959" by Colin Webster. 22 for just plinking around and have never fired the Mauser since, only unwrapping it occasionally to oil it and admire the beautiful design and workmanship. Since I'm not a marksman or hunter I've stuck to an old. I shot up a few cacti in the Arizona desert, placed it in a gun bag and stored it in my closet. Apparently Argentina sold off thousands as surplus. I bought a Modelo 1891 in the 1960s from Montgomery Ward, wrapped in oil and wax paper, for about $15 along with the bayonet and some ammo. The design was wildly successful and, in 1891 Argentina, who had completed their transition to Remington Rolling Blocks only 11 years earlier, purchased an improved version: the Modelo 1891 rifle, in 7.65x53mm (a caliber now known as "7.65 Argentine.") (the owners of Mauser) and the Belgian State arms factory at Liege formed a new syndicate, known as Fabrique Nationale d'Armes de Guerre (now known universally as "FN") to manufacture the new rifle. Due to the fact that the Mauser works were running nearly at capacity supplying the Turks, Ludwig Loewe & Co. 88 in every way, and shopped it to the Belgians. Mauser, feeling snubbed, set to work designing a rifle that eclipsed the Gew. 1888 "Commission Rifle", so called because it was designed by a committee, rather than any independent factory. The Germans responded by fielding the Gew. 1886 Lebel by the French had, almost overnight, obsoleted every other military rifle in the world. The late 19th Century was witness to a frantic global arms race the introduction of the Mle. 71 Vetterli: A 19th Century assault rifle.
Remington Model 11: A very belligerent fowling piece.